基于信息溢出网络的我国行业关联性研究

行业信息溢出网络是各行业之间风险关联的载体,其信息溢出的方向和强度与行业的风险传染特征密切相关。运用广义方差分解对申银万国行业一级指数同时构建行业收益率溢出网络和行业波动率溢出网络,分别从静态和动态角度分析我国行业信息溢出的总体情况和动态演化。研究发现:我国各行业间信息溢出水平较高,整体信息联动能力强,但各行业信息溢出随时间变化具有波动性和不确定性。长期情形下,收益率溢出网络和波动溢出网络对系统性重要行业的识别排序具有高度一致性,但短期内两者存在较大差异。长期内,银行业和非银行金融业是系统性重要(信息)接受行业,机械设备业是系统性重要(信息)传播行业;短期内,银行、非银行金融、国防军工、食品饮料及家用电器业是系统性重要行业,但它们的具体角色(信息接受或者传播)具有不确定性。研究结论对于政府产业政策制定及产业监管具有重要的现实意义。     

Designing robust liner shipping schedules: Optimizing recovery actions and buffer times

It is important for liner shipping companies to maintain cost efficient and robust liner shipping networks. Regularly, they set up pro-forma schedules, yet it is difficult to stay on time. We consider the problem of managing the delays. Therefore, we need to determine an optimal recovery policy and buffer time allocation to the ship route in order to minimize the total costs associated with delays and recovery actions, such as increasing sailing speed. We introduce a general framework consisting of a mixed integer programming formulation to solve discrete stochastic decision problems with short and long term decisions and apply this framework to the above described problem. Furthermore, we propose and test four heuristics for this problem. We compared the results of our method with an existing liner shipping route schedule and found a cost decrease of 28.9% after optimizing the buffer time distribution compared to the cost of sailing the current route schedule at constant speed.     

Solution approaches for the soft drink integrated production lot sizing and scheduling problem

In this paper we present a mixed integer programming model that integrates production lot sizing and scheduling decisions of beverage plants with sequence-dependent setup costs and times. The model considers that the industrial process produces soft drink bottles in different flavours and sizes, and it is carried out in two production stages: liquid preparation (stage I) and bottling (stage II). The model also takes into account that the production bottleneck may alternate between stages I and II, and a synchronisation of the production between these stages is required. A relaxation approach and several strategies of the relax-and-fix heuristic are proposed to solve the model. Computational tests with instances generated based on real data from a Brazilian soft drink plant are also presented. The results show that the solution approaches are capable of producing better solutions than those used by the company.     

“三焦点”广义椭圆曲线及其传导特性

提出了三焦点广义椭圆的概念,给出了三焦点广义椭圆的画法及其轨迹方程,建立了三焦点广义椭圆的重心M到三焦点广义椭圆轨迹曲线上动点P的距离d的数学模型,研究了三焦点广义椭圆构件对力与速度的传动特性及其在工业上的应用.     

An inter-laboratory comparison study for the determination of copper and lead from the wastewater of printed circuit board manufacturing industry in Pakistan

This inter-laboratory comparison study was arranged for 28 laboratories from different public and private sector organizations in Pakistan having wastewater testing capabilities aimed at improving the quality and comparability of test results. This national inter-laboratory study was started in December 2003 and completed in July 2004. Laboratories were invited to analyze the wastewater collected from printed circuit board (PCB) industry for lead and copper contamination. The samples fulfill the criteria for homogeneity and stability as done by the reference laboratory. The results obtained from participating laboratories were analyzed in terms of Hampel Test for outliers, while the performance evaluation of the participating laboratories was done on the basis of Z-score. An assigned value derived from the participant's results was compared with a reference value provided by a reference laboratory. Overall >50% of the participating laboratories have shown good performance in this PT-program     

Measurement uncertainty and trade: an example from the petroleum industry

The petroleum industry is and always has been one of the major players in global trade. The price of products depends largely on their characteristics, defined by specifications. Consequently the testing of these specifications and the acceptance of the results by all partners is a crucial pre-requisite for global trade. In the field of petroleum products this issue has been dealt with for decades by using internationally accepted standard test methods, which also define the required accuracy and measurement uncertainty, or the precision. Therefore the petroleum industry may well serve as an example of how measurement uncertainties can be treated and what impact they have on global trade.Presented at the Metro Trade Workshop on Traceability and Measurement Uncertainty in Testing, 30–31 January 2003, Berlin, Germany     

Reinforcement characterization of metal matrix composites by DSC technique

The metal matrix composites (MMC) being of very high interest for the aerospace industry, particularly to build up thermal-structural components, it is important to have available methods which are easy and simple to conduct for characterization of the mechanical strength of the material.This study shows that the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may enable us to quantify the energy of cohesion in the fiber/matrix interface area of an aluminium composite reinforced by SiC whiskers.The energy of cohesion is dependent on the state of reinforcement compared to the matrix strength and take into account both chemical and mechanical characteristics of the cohesion in the fiber/matrix interface area. However, this method would require a systematic calibration based on tests of mechanical characteristics.

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Zusammenfassung Metallmatrixverbundwerkstoffe (MMC) sind für die Raumfahrtindustrie von großem Interesse, insbesondere zum Bau thermisch-struktureller Komponenten ist es wichtig, Methoden zur Verfügung zu haben, die leicht und einfach zur Charakterisierung der mechanischen Festigkeit der Materialien benutzt werden können.Es wurde gezeigt, daß DSC es ermöglicht, die Kohäsionsenergie im Fiber/Matrix-Grenzflächengebiet eines mit SiC-Whiskern verstärkten Aluminiumverbundstoffes quantitativ zu bestimmen.Diese Kohäsionsenergie ist abgängig vom Verstärkungsgrad bezogen auf die Matrixfestigkeit und berücksichtigt sowohl die chemischen als auch mechanischen Eigenschaften der Kohäsion im Fiber/Matrix-Grenzflächengebiet.In jedem Falle bedarf diese Methode einer systematischen Kalibrierung anhand von Test der mechanischen Eigenschaften.

     

Production of laccase by immobilized cells of Agaricus sp.

Laccase was produced in the supernatant of culture of a local isolate of Agaricus sp. obtained from decaying Ficus religiosa wood. The enzyme was produced at a constitutive level when growing the fungus in a nitrogenlimited medium supplemented with either glycerol, glucose, fructose, mannitol, arabinose, maltose, sacch arose, cellulose, or cellobiose. Atwo-to sixfold increase in enzyme specific activity was observed when growing the strain in the presence of straw, xylan, xylose, lignosulfonate, veratryl alcohol, and ferulic and veratric acid. Experimentsare consistent with the existence of an induction control on laccase and the absence of a form of carbon catabolite repression mediated by noninducing carbon sources. Immobilization of the Agaricus sp. on several supports, including polyurethane foam, textilestrips, and straw, resulted in an increase of enzyme production as compared to cultivation in liquid medium.     

A multiple time step algorithm compatible with a large number of distance classes and an arbitrary distance dependence of the time step size for the fast evaluation of nonbonded interactions in molecular simulations

A new algorithm is introduced to perform the multiple time step integration of the equations of motion for a molecular system, based on the splitting of the nonbonded interactions into a series of distance classes. The interactions between particle pairs in successive classes are updated at a progressively decreasing frequency. Unlike previous multiple time-stepping schemes relying on distance classes, the present algorithm sorts interacting particle pairs by their next update times rather than by their update frequencies. For this reason, the proposed scheme is extremely flexible with respect to the number of classes that can be employed (up to hundred or more) and the distance dependence of the relative time step size (arbitrary integer function of the distance). It can also easily be adapted to classes defined based on a criterion other than the interparticle distance (e.g., interaction magnitude). Different variants of the algorithm are tested in terms of accuracy and efficiency for simulations of a pure water system (6167 molecules) under truncated-octahedral periodic boundary conditions, and compared to the twin-range method standardly used with GROMOS96 (short- and long-range cutoff distances of 0.8 and 1.4 nm, pair list and intermediate-range interactions updated every five steps). In particular, multiple time-stepping schemes with an accuracy comparable to that of the twin-range method can be designed, that permit to increase the effective (long-range) cutoff distance from 1.4 to 3.0 nm with a performance loss of only about a factor 2. This result is quite encouraging, considering the benefits of doubling the cutoff radius in the context of (bio-)molecular simulations.     

Ion chromatographic method development for monitoring of seawater quality used in over-the-counter pharmaceutical industry

A methodology is developed for the analysis of inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulphate) in seawater used for over-the-counter (OTC) nasal spray production. The eluent flow rate and concentration of eluent competing ions are optimised by using an artificial neural network resolution model in combination with normalised resolution product criterion function. The developed artificial neural network resolution model shows good predictive ability R2 > or = 0.9973. The determined ion chromatographic parameters enable baseline separation of all components of interest. By performing a validation procedure and a number of statistical tests, it is shown that the developed ion chromatographic method has superior performance characteristics: linearity R2 > or = 0.9993, recovery = 99.77-100.65%, repeatability RSD < or = 1.85%. This result proves that the proposed method can be used for routine quality assurance analysis in OTC pharmaceutical industry.